Water > Taste > An Introduction to Lebanese > Lexicon: Nouns
This lexicon is divided into the following categories:
1. People
2. Animals
3. Nature
4. Objects
5. Time and space
6. Body parts
7. Food and drink
8. Abstractions
Each of them is alphabetized according to the English meaning, which comes first in the table: scroll down to browse it or use your search/find button on the page. The table gives the following information: the Lebanese word, its plural form, the Arabic equivalent, the gender of the word, the form that the word takes when the possessive suffix -ak (your) is added to it (to guide you in case the word is significantly changed by the suffix), and when applicable, additional notes such as usage, synonyms, slang, etc.
Note on the gender: When the word is one that can change gender with the addition of a feminine suffix, I use a slash (/) to show both forms under "Lebanese", "Plural" and "Gender".
The lexicons will mostly grow on demand, therefore please let me know what words you would like to see in there.
1. PEOPLE
|
Boy
|
sabeh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
sebién
|
M
|
sabiy or fata
|
-
|
|
Boy (young male adult)
|
shabb
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
shabéb
|
M
|
shabb
|
shabbak, shabébak
|
|
This is used indiscriminately even with men too young or too old, because it is flattering to make the former older and the latter younger. Shabéb is also the word used to mean "the guys".
|
|
Brother/sister
|
khey/ekht
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
ekhwe/kheyyét
|
M/F
|
'akh/shaqeeqa
|
kheyyak/ekhtak, ekhwétak/kheyyétak
|
|
The plural of "brother", ekhwe, is used to mean "siblings" when you ask someone if they have any.
|
|
Child
|
walad
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
wléd
|
M
|
walad
|
waladak, wlédak
|
|
Father
|
bey
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
beyyét
|
M
|
'ab
|
beyyak
|
|
To address their father people use the word Bába or for the Westernized, Pápy. Although saying beyye for "my father" is acceptable, it is more proper, depending on the company, to say el-Bába , which is proper but still convivial, or much more formally, el-wéled. Unless talking to someone you know well, you wouldn't say beyyak either but one of the above, both of which literally mean "the father"(incidentally el-Bába also means "the Pope"). In locutions such as the curse "Curse your father", a more Arabic form is used: yel3an abook.
|
|
Girl, daughter
|
bnt
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
banét
|
F
|
bnt
|
bntak, banétak
|
|
This also means "daughter". In the meaning of "daughter" it is ok to use the word bnt whatever the circumstances, but in the meaning of girl it's more proper to use the word sabiyye unless in informal settings, just like in English you would say "that young woman" instead of "that girl".
Somehow "bint" has made its way into London slang...
|
|
Girl (young female adult)
|
sabiyyeh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
sabáya
|
F
|
sabiyyat or fatát
|
sabiyytak, sabáytak
|
|
This is often used to address young girls to flatter them by making them older.
|
|
Man
|
rajol
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
rjél
|
M
|
rajol
|
-
|
|
The idiomatic equivalent of "guy", "chap" is zalameh.
|
|
Mother
|
'emm
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
'emmét
|
F
|
'omm
|
'emmak
|
|
To address their mother people use the word Máma or the Westernized, Mámy. Although saying 'emme for "my mother" is acceptable, it is more proper, depending on the company, to say el-Máma, which is proper but still convivial, or much more formally, el-wélde. Unless talking to someone you know well, you wouldn't say 'emmak either but one of the above, both of which literally mean "the mother".
|
|
Uncle/Aunt on the mother's side
|
khál/khále
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
akhwál/khálét
|
M/F
|
khál/khálat
|
khálak, akhwálak/kháltak, khálétak
|
|
People who use an address for their uncle/aunt use Khálo/Khálto
|
|
Uncle/Aunt on the father's side
|
3amm/3amme
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
3moom/3ammét
|
M/F
|
3ámm/3ámmat
|
3ammak, 3moomak/3ammtak, 3ammétak
|
|
People who use an address for their uncle/aunt use 3ammo/3ámmto. The word 3ammo can also be used to address any man who's older than you, and they in return use it to address anyone noticeably younger
|
|
Woman
|
mara
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
neswén
|
F
|
'emra'at
|
mártak [solely to mean "your wife", not "your woman"]
|
|
This one looks particularly obscure but a look at the Arabic equivalent sheds some light on it. In Arabic the pair is nisá' / neswan. In Lebanese the colloquial (and informal) word for woman is mara, which comes from another Arabic word 'emra'a. The plural of mara is a stretch for Lebanese, and so is the singular of neswén, so we use mara for "woman" and neswén for "women".
|
2. ANIMALS
|
Bird (for small or singing birds)
|
3osfoor
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
3asafeer
|
M
|
3osfoor
|
3osfoorak
|
|
|
|
Bird (more general or for large flying birds)
|
tayr
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
tyoor
|
M
|
tayr
|
|
|
The word literally means "the one that flies"
|
|
Bat
|
watwát
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
wataweet
|
M
|
watwát
|
watwátak
|
|
|
|
Cat
|
bseyne
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
bseynét
|
F
|
hirr, qitt, bseynat
|
bseyntak, bseynétak
|
|
A more idiomatic and affectionate word for "cat" is beeseh.
|
|
Chick
|
soos
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
seesán
|
M
|
soos
|
|
|
Cock
|
deek
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
dyook
|
M
|
deek
|
|
|
Cockroach
|
sarsoor
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
saraseer
|
M
|
sarsoor
|
|
|
eng
|
ba'ra
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
ba'ar
|
F
|
baqarat, baqar
|
ba'ertak
|
|
This word is also used as an insult like in English.
|
|
Dog
|
kalb/kalbe
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
kléb/klébét (rare)
|
M/F
|
kalb/kalbat
|
kalbak/kalbtak
|
|
The feminine is only used if we really want to specify we're tlakng about a bitch. Children often use the word bóby.
|
|
Elephant
|
feel
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
fyoole
|
M
|
feel
|
|
|
Fyoole! is, in certain groups, a very idiomatic way of expressing "It was sheer luck". I believe this use originates in the popular expression, Tayyer fyoole ("make elephants fly") that refers to someone who tells impossible stories.
|
|
Fish
|
samke
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
samak
|
F
|
samakat
|
samketak, samakak
|
|
|
|
Hen
|
djéjeh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
djéj
|
F
|
dajájat, dajáj
|
djéjetak, djéjak
|
|
For the generic word "chicken" as well as the food group, we use djéj.
|
|
Horse
|
7sán
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
'o7sneh
|
M
|
7isán, 'a7sinat
|
|
|
A more noble word for "horse" is faras (a bit like "steed"), or to designate horses as a whole, kheyl.
|
|
Lion
|
asad
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
usood
|
M
|
asad
|
|
|
Mouse
|
fára
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
firán
|
F
|
fárat
|
|
|
"Farfoor", or "little mouse", is an affectionate term to call someone - as long as the comparison is appropriate
|
|
Parrot
|
babbagha
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
?
|
M
|
babbaghá'
|
|
|
Note the kinship with Italian "papagallo".
|
|
Peacock
|
táoos
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
tawawees
|
M
|
táoos
|
|
|
The word mimicks the bird's cry. The female peacock is "táoosa", but it would be a memorable day indeed if you ever actually needed to use that word!
|
|
Rat
|
jardón
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
jradeen
|
M
|
jrdh
|
|
|
Tiger
|
nemr
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
nmoor
|
M
|
nemr
|
|
|
Turtle
|
zele7fe
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
zele7fét
|
F
|
sulu7fat
|
|
|
You've seen nothing if you haven't seen the "Zele7fét el-Ninja"... Dear God.
|
3. NATURE
|
Cloud
|
gheymeh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
ghyoom
|
F
|
gheymat
|
|
|
|
|
Earth, land
|
ard
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
aráde (lands)
|
F
|
ard
|
ardak, aradeek
|
|
Al-Ard also refers to planet Earth.
|
|
Moon
|
'amar
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
aqmár
|
M
|
qamar
|
|
|
A very flattering term to call a woman.
|
|
Moon (full)
|
badr
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
budoor
|
M
|
badr
|
|
|
Even more flattering than 'amar.
|
|
Mountain
|
jabal
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
jbél
|
M
|
jabal
|
jabalak, jbélak
|
|
Jabal-Lubnan is a misnomer, since it is really a mountain chain.
|
|
Planet
|
kawkab
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
kawékeb
|
M
|
kawkab
|
|
|
In astrology we use a different term: burj, plural abráj. To ask someone's zodiac sign we ask: Shoo burjak?
|
|
River
|
nahr
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
anhár
|
M
|
nahr
|
|
|
Sea
|
ba7r
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
bu7oor
|
M
|
ba7r
|
|
|
Star
|
nejme
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
njoom
|
F
|
njmat
|
|
|
Sun
|
shams
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
shamsét
|
|
|
|
|
The plural is not meant to refer to several suns, but is commonly used in a colloquial manner when referring to the physical influence of the sun, for instance "Why are you waiting in the suns? Stand in the shade!" Making it plural creates an indefinition that feels more "right", to describe a physical environment, than the word that specifically refers to a natural phenomenon (something like "shams is that disc in the sky, but shamsét is what we're standing in"). The same kind of plural is used for many other things like rain, the cold etc.
|
|
Tree
|
shajra or sajra
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
shajar or sajar
|
F
|
shajarat, ashjár
|
shajrtak, shajarak
|
|
Valley
|
wédeh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
wedyén
|
M
|
wádee
|
|
|
Water
|
mayy
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
mayyét
|
M
|
má'
|
mayyétak (as far as I know, always plural when there's a suffix)
|
|
The plural is commonly used in a colloquial manner when referring to a physical body of water, for instance "Don't go into the waters right after eating!" See Sun for more details.
|
|
Wind
|
hawa
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
hawayét
|
M
|
ree7, hawá'
|
|
4. OBJECTS
|
Ball
|
tábe
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
tábét
|
F
|
tábat
|
tábtak, tábétak
|
|
Book
|
ktéb
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
kotob
|
M
|
kitáb
|
ktébak, kotobal
|
|
|
|
Bottle
|
'anneene
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
'anéne
|
F
|
qanneenat
|
'anneentak, 'ananeek
|
|
|
|
Brush
|
fershéye
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
fershéyét or faráshe
|
F
|
furshát
|
fershéytak
|
|
A toothbrush is literally a fershéyet snén, but a paintbrush is a reeshe, or "feather".
|
|
Button (both on clothes and to press)
|
zerr
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
zrár
|
M
|
zorr
|
zerrak
|
|
"Kabsit zerr" is "the push of a button" and refers to something real easy to do
|
|
Door
|
béb
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
buwwéb
|
M
|
báb
|
bébak
|
|
This is the word used for metaphors as well, such as "the door of the Orient".
|
|
Garbage, rubbish (bin)
|
zbéleh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
zbélét
|
F
|
|
zbéltak
|
|
Both the container and the contents are referred to as zbéleh. The related verb, zabal, is commonly used to express ignoring someone, as if trowing them in the bin (Zabalto, "I trashed him", Lé 3am btezbelneh? "Why are you trashing me?") I've never heard it used in its original sense however; we literally throw something away: Kabb el-wráq, "he threw away the papers".
|
|
Newspaper
|
jareedeh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
jaráyed
|
F
|
jareedat
|
jareedtak, jaráydak
|
|
Pencil, pen
|
'alam
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
'loom
|
M
|
qalam
|
'alamak, 'loomak
|
|
Alam is actually a general words including all hard writing tools as opposed to the soft tools that are brushes. "Pen" is actually alam 7ebr or "ink pencil", and "pencil" alam rsas or "lead pencil", but we don't bother specifying unless it's necessary.
|
|
Window
|
shebbék
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
shbebeek
|
M
|
náfidhat, shubbák
|
shebbékak, shbebeekak
|
|
|
5. TIME AND SPACE
|
Day
|
yóm
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
'iyyém
|
M
|
yawm
|
yómetak, 'iyyémtak
|
|
The locution of time Yómeta ("Its day") basically means "on the day something happened", as in "Remember our graduation? Yómeta the weather was so bad..." 'Iyyémta is also used that way with the meaning of "in those days".
|
|
Day (as in the duration of daylight)
|
nhár
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
nhárét
|
M
|
nahár
|
nhárak
|
|
Distance
|
maséfeh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
maséfét
|
F
|
masáfat
|
|
|
Season
|
mawsam
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
mawésem
|
M
|
mawsam
|
mawsamak, mawésemak
|
|
Mawsam also refers to the timespan during which something occurs yearly, such as apple season.
|
|
Year
|
sene
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
sneen
|
F
|
sanat
|
|
|
Used for age as well.
|
6. BODY PARTS
|
Hand, arm
|
eed
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
eedén (this is actually not a plural, but dual form), iyad (actual plural)
|
M
|
hand: yed; arm: dhirá3
|
eedak, eedék
|
|
|
|
Foot, leg
|
ejr
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
ejrén (dual)
|
M
|
foot: rijl; leg: sáq
|
ejrak, ejrék
|
|
Slang and not too polite word for legs: sa7bét.
|
|
Head
|
rás
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
ru'oos
|
M
|
ra's
|
rásak
|
|
Slang: mokhkh (from Turkish).
|
|
Face
|
wejj
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
wjooh
|
M
|
wejh
|
wejjak
|
|
Also used metaphorically.
|
7. FOOD AND DRINK
|
Bread
|
khebz
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
khebzét
|
|
|
|
|
Khebz itself is not a quantitative term: to make it so we either make its gender feminine (khebze is "a bread") or use sha'fet khebz, "a piece of bread". So the plural form does not refer to several "breads", but is another way of referring to bread in general. Khebz sounds closer to the concept of bread, while khebzét has more of a connotation of "physical bread in general".
|
|
Cake
|
gató
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
gatoyét
|
M
|
-
|
-
|
|
A French word ("gâteau") for a purely imported concept, as local desserts are very different from Western ones.
|
|
Coffee
|
'ahweh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
'ahwét
|
F
|
qahwa
|
'ahwetak, 'ahwétak
|
|
See Bread, except singular 'ahweh is a feminine word already so it can be used to mean both "coffee in general" and "a coffee". The word also designates the time for coffee and the café. An 'ahweh turkeh or "Turkish coffee" is black and drunk in tiny cups, a Nescafé is Western-style powdered coffee with or without milk, while 'ahweh bayda or "white coffee" is actually a small cup of hot water with a few drops of má ward or má zahr, respectively rosewater and orange blossom water.
|
Egg
bayda, béd (baydat) F
()
|
Egg
|
bayda
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
béd
|
F
|
baydat
|
baydetak, bédak
|
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The plural above is masculine. If the feminine plural form baydát is used, we are no longer talking about something you make an omelette with, but something that comes in a pair and is only found on men...
|
|
Sandwich
|
sandweesheh
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
sandweeshét
|
F
|
-
|
sandweeshtak, sandweeshétak
|
|
This refers to Western-style sandwiches. When using our local bread, that is rolled to make a sandwich, the word we use is 3aroos, "bride".
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8. INTANGIBLE THINGS
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Smell, scent
|
ree7a
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
rawéye7
|
F
|
ree7at
|
ree7etak, rawéy7ak
|
|
Freedom
|
7orryye
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
7orryyét
|
F
|
7orryyat
|
7orryytak, 7orryyétak
|
|
Right (as in human rights and being right)
|
7a''
|
|
Plural
|
Gender
|
Arabic
|
Suffix
|
|
7u'oo'
|
M
|
7aqq
|
7a''ak, 7u'oo'ak
|
    
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Tutorials and articles © Joumana Medlej |