Water > Taste > An Introduction to Lebanese > Lexicon: Nouns

This lexicon is divided into the following categories:

1. People
2. Animals
3. Nature
4. Objects
5. Time and space
6. Body parts
7. Food and drink
8. Abstractions

Each of them is alphabetized according to the English meaning, which comes first in the table: scroll down to browse it or use your search/find button on the page. The table gives the following information: the Lebanese word, its plural form, the Arabic equivalent, the gender of the word, the form that the word takes when the possessive suffix -ak (your) is added to it (to guide you in case the word is significantly changed by the suffix), and when applicable, additional notes such as usage, synonyms, slang, etc.

Note on the gender: When the word is one that can change gender with the addition of a feminine suffix, I use a slash (/) to show both forms under "Lebanese", "Plural" and "Gender".

The lexicons will mostly grow on demand, therefore please let me know what words you would like to see in there.


1. PEOPLE

Boy
sabeh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
sebién
M
sabiy or fata
-


Boy (young male adult)
shabb
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
shabéb
M
shabb
shabbak, shabébak

 This is used indiscriminately even with men too young or too old, because it is flattering to make the former older and the latter younger. Shabéb is also the word used to mean "the guys".



Brother/sister
khey/ekht
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
ekhwe/kheyyét
M/F
'akh/shaqeeqa
kheyyak/ekhtak, ekhwétak/kheyyétak

 The plural of "brother", ekhwe, is used to mean "siblings" when you ask someone if they have any.



Child
walad
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
wléd
M
walad
waladak, wlédak


Father
bey
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
beyyét
M
'ab
beyyak

 To address their father people use the word Bába or for the Westernized, Pápy. Although saying beyye for "my father" is acceptable, it is more proper, depending on the company, to say el-Bába , which is proper but still convivial, or much more formally, el-wéled. Unless talking to someone you know well, you wouldn't say beyyak either but one of the above, both of which literally mean "the father"(incidentally el-Bába also means "the Pope"). In locutions such as the curse "Curse your father", a more Arabic form is used: yel3an abook.



Girl, daughter
bnt
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
banét
F
bnt
bntak, banétak

 This also means "daughter". In the meaning of "daughter" it is ok to use the word bnt whatever the circumstances, but in the meaning of girl it's more proper to use the word sabiyye unless in informal settings, just like in English you would say "that young woman" instead of "that girl".
Somehow "bint" has made its way into London slang...



Girl (young female adult)
sabiyyeh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
sabáya
F
sabiyyat or fatát
sabiyytak, sabáytak

 This is often used to address young girls to flatter them by making them older.



Man
rajol
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
rjél
M
rajol
-

 The idiomatic equivalent of "guy", "chap" is zalameh.



Mother
'emm
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
'emmét
F
'omm
'emmak

 To address their mother people use the word Máma or the Westernized, Mámy. Although saying 'emme for "my mother" is acceptable, it is more proper, depending on the company, to say el-Máma, which is proper but still convivial, or much more formally, el-wélde. Unless talking to someone you know well, you wouldn't say 'emmak either but one of the above, both of which literally mean "the mother".



Uncle/Aunt on the mother's side
khál/khále
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
akhwál/khálét
M/F
khál/khálat
khálak, akhwálak/kháltak, khálétak

 People who use an address for their uncle/aunt use Khálo/Khálto



Uncle/Aunt on the father's side
3amm/3amme
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
3moom/3ammét
M/F
3ámm/3ámmat
3ammak, 3moomak/3ammtak, 3ammétak

 People who use an address for their uncle/aunt use 3ammo/3ámmto. The word 3ammo can also be used to address any man who's older than you, and they in return use it to address anyone noticeably younger



Woman
mara
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
neswén
F
'emra'at
mártak [solely to mean "your wife", not "your woman"]

 This one looks particularly obscure but a look at the Arabic equivalent sheds some light on it. In Arabic the pair is nisá' / neswan. In Lebanese the colloquial (and informal) word for woman is mara, which comes from another Arabic word 'emra'a. The plural of mara is a stretch for Lebanese, and so is the singular of neswén, so we use mara for "woman" and neswén for "women".



 2. ANIMALS

Bird (for small or singing birds)
3osfoor
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
3asafeer
M
3osfoor
3osfoorak

 



Bird (more general or for large flying birds)
tayr
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
tyoor
M
tayr

 The word literally means "the one that flies"



Bat
watwát
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
wataweet
M
watwát
watwátak

 



Cat
bseyne
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
bseynét
F
hirr, qitt, bseynat
bseyntak, bseynétak

 A more idiomatic and affectionate word for "cat" is beeseh.



Chick
soos
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
seesán
M
soos


Cock
deek
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
dyook
M
deek


Cockroach
sarsoor
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
saraseer
M
sarsoor


eng
ba'ra
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
ba'ar
F
baqarat, baqar
ba'ertak

 This word is also used as an insult like in English.



Dog
kalb/kalbe
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
kléb/klébét (rare)
M/F
kalb/kalbat
kalbak/kalbtak

 The feminine is only used if we really want to specify we're tlakng about a bitch. Children often use the word bóby.



Elephant
feel
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
fyoole
M
feel

 Fyoole! is, in certain groups, a very idiomatic way of expressing "It was sheer luck". I believe this use originates in the popular expression, Tayyer fyoole ("make elephants fly") that refers to someone who tells impossible stories.



Fish
samke
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
samak
F
samakat
samketak, samakak

 



Hen
djéjeh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
djéj
F
dajájat, dajáj
djéjetak, djéjak

 For the generic word "chicken" as well as the food group, we use djéj.



Horse
7sán
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
'o7sneh
M
7isán, 'a7sinat

 A more noble word for "horse" is faras (a bit like "steed"), or to designate horses as a whole, kheyl.



Lion
asad
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
usood
M
asad


Mouse
fára
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
firán
F
fárat

 "Farfoor", or "little mouse", is an affectionate term to call someone - as long as the comparison is appropriate



Parrot
babbagha
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
?
M
babbaghá'

 Note the kinship with Italian "papagallo".



Peacock
táoos
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
tawawees
M
táoos

The word mimicks the bird's cry. The female peacock is "táoosa", but it would be a memorable day indeed if you ever actually needed to use that word!



Rat
jardón
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
jradeen
M
jrdh


Tiger
nemr
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
nmoor
M
nemr


Turtle
zele7fe
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
zele7fét
F
sulu7fat

 You've seen nothing if you haven't seen the "Zele7fét el-Ninja"... Dear God.



3. NATURE

Cloud
gheymeh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
ghyoom
F
gheymat

 



Earth, land
ard
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
aráde (lands)
F
ard
ardak, aradeek

 Al-Ard also refers to planet Earth.



Moon
'amar
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
aqmár
M
qamar

 A very flattering term to call a woman.



Moon (full)
badr
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
budoor
M
badr

 Even more flattering than 'amar.



Mountain
jabal
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
jbél
M
jabal
jabalak, jbélak

 Jabal-Lubnan is a misnomer, since it is really a mountain chain.



Planet
kawkab
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
kawékeb
M
kawkab

 In astrology we use a different term: burj, plural abráj. To ask someone's zodiac sign we ask: Shoo burjak?



River
nahr
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
anhár
M
nahr


Sea
ba7r
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
bu7oor
M
ba7r


Star
nejme
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
njoom
F
njmat


Sun
shams
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
shamsét

The plural is not meant to refer to several suns, but is commonly used in a colloquial manner when referring to the physical influence of the sun, for instance "Why are you waiting in the suns? Stand in the shade!" Making it plural creates an indefinition that feels more "right", to describe a physical environment, than the word that specifically refers to a natural phenomenon (something like "shams is that disc in the sky, but shamsét is what we're standing in"). The same kind of plural is used for many other things like rain, the cold etc.



Tree
shajra or sajra
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
shajar or sajar
F
shajarat, ashjár
shajrtak, shajarak


Valley
wédeh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
wedyén
M
wádee


Water
mayy
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
mayyét
M
má'
mayyétak (as far as I know, always plural when there's a suffix)

 The plural is commonly used in a colloquial manner when referring to a physical body of water, for instance "Don't go into the waters right after eating!" See Sun for more details.



Wind
hawa
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
hawayét
M
ree7, hawá'


4. OBJECTS

Ball
tábe
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
tábét
F
tábat
tábtak, tábétak


Book
ktéb
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
kotob
M
kitáb
ktébak, kotobal

 



Bottle
'anneene
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
'anéne
F
qanneenat
'anneentak, 'ananeek

 



Brush
fershéye
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
fershéyét or faráshe
F
furshát
fershéytak

 A toothbrush is literally a fershéyet snén, but a paintbrush is a reeshe, or "feather".



Button (both on clothes and to press)
zerr
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
zrár
M
zorr
zerrak

 "Kabsit zerr" is "the push of a button" and refers to something real easy to do



Door
béb
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
buwwéb
M
báb
bébak

 This is the word used for metaphors as well, such as "the door of the Orient".



Garbage, rubbish (bin)
zbéleh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
zbélét
F
zbéltak

 Both the container and the contents are referred to as zbéleh. The related verb, zabal, is commonly used to express ignoring someone, as if trowing them in the bin (Zabalto, "I trashed him", Lé 3am btezbelneh? "Why are you trashing me?") I've never heard it used in its original sense however; we literally throw something away: Kabb el-wráq, "he threw away the papers".



Newspaper
jareedeh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
jaráyed
F
jareedat
jareedtak, jaráydak


Pencil, pen
'alam
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
'loom
M
qalam
'alamak, 'loomak

Alam is actually a general words including all hard writing tools as opposed to the soft tools that are brushes. "Pen" is actually alam 7ebr or "ink pencil", and "pencil" alam rsas or "lead pencil", but we don't bother specifying unless it's necessary.



Window
shebbék
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
shbebeek
M
náfidhat, shubbák
shebbékak, shbebeekak

 



 5. TIME AND SPACE

Day
yóm
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
'iyyém
M
yawm
yómetak, 'iyyémtak

 The locution of time Yómeta ("Its day") basically means "on the day something happened", as in "Remember our graduation? Yómeta the weather was so bad..." 'Iyyémta is also used that way with the meaning of "in those days".



Day (as in the duration of daylight)
nhár
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
nhárét
M
nahár
nhárak


Distance
maséfeh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
maséfét
F
masáfat


Season
mawsam
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
mawésem
M
mawsam
mawsamak, mawésemak

 Mawsam also refers to the timespan during which something occurs yearly, such as apple season.



Year
sene
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
sneen
F
sanat

 Used for age as well.



6. BODY PARTS

Hand, arm
eed
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
eedén (this is actually not a plural, but dual form), iyad (actual plural)
M
hand: yed; arm: dhirá3
eedak, eedék

 



Foot, leg
ejr
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
ejrén (dual)
M
foot: rijl; leg: sáq
ejrak, ejrék

Slang and not too polite word for legs: sa7bét.



Head
rás
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
ru'oos
M
ra's
rásak

 Slang: mokhkh (from Turkish).



Face
wejj
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
wjooh
M
wejh
wejjak

 Also used metaphorically.



 7. FOOD AND DRINK

Bread
khebz
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
khebzét

 Khebz itself is not a quantitative term: to make it so we either make its gender feminine (khebze is "a bread") or use sha'fet khebz, "a piece of bread". So the plural form does not refer to several "breads", but is another way of referring to bread in general. Khebz sounds closer to the concept of bread, while khebzét has more of a connotation of "physical bread in general".



Cake
gató
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
gatoyét
M
-
-

 A French word ("gâteau") for a purely imported concept, as local desserts are very different from Western ones.



Coffee
'ahweh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
'ahwét
F
qahwa
'ahwetak, 'ahwétak

 See Bread, except singular 'ahweh is a feminine word already so it can be used to mean both "coffee in general" and "a coffee". The word also designates the time for coffee and the café. An 'ahweh turkeh or "Turkish coffee" is black and drunk in tiny cups, a Nescafé is Western-style powdered coffee with or without milk, while 'ahweh bayda or "white coffee" is actually a small cup of hot water with a few drops of má ward or má zahr, respectively rosewater and orange blossom water.



Egg

bayda, béd (baydat) F

()

 

Egg
bayda
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
béd
F
baydat
baydetak, bédak

The plural above is masculine. If the feminine plural form baydát is used, we are no longer talking about something you make an omelette with, but something that comes in a pair and is only found on men...



Sandwich
sandweesheh
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
sandweeshét
F
-
sandweeshtak, sandweeshétak

 This refers to Western-style sandwiches. When using our local bread, that is rolled to make a sandwich, the word we use is 3aroos, "bride".


 

8. INTANGIBLE THINGS

 

Smell, scent
ree7a
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
rawéye7
F
ree7at
ree7etak, rawéy7ak


Freedom
7orryye
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
7orryyét
F
7orryyat
7orryytak, 7orryyétak


Right (as in human rights and being right)
7a''
Plural
Gender
Arabic
Suffix
7u'oo'
M
7aqq
7a''ak, 7u'oo'ak


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